Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
    • Podcast: NC Health Policy Forum
    • Upcoming Scientific Articles
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Advertisers
    • Subscribers
  • About Us
    • About the North Carolina Medical Journal
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Help
    • RSS
  • Other Publications
    • North Carolina Medical Journal

User menu

  • My alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
North Carolina Medical Journal
  • Other Publications
    • North Carolina Medical Journal
  • My alerts
  • Log in
North Carolina Medical Journal

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
    • Podcast: NC Health Policy Forum
    • Upcoming Scientific Articles
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Advertisers
    • Subscribers
  • About Us
    • About the North Carolina Medical Journal
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Help
    • RSS
  • Follow ncmj on Twitter
  • Visit ncmj on Facebook
Research ArticleArticles

A Cross-Sectional Study of Stressors Among Farmers in Eastern North Carolina

Gregory D. Kearney, Ann P. Rafferty, Lauren R. Hendricks, Daniel Landon Allen and Robin Tutor-Marcom
North Carolina Medical Journal November 2014, 75 (6) 384-392; DOI: https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.75.6.384
Gregory D. Kearney
assistant professor, Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: kearneyg@ecu.edu
Ann P. Rafferty
assistant professor, Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Lauren R. Hendricks
research associate, Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Daniel Landon Allen
research associate, Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Robin Tutor-Marcom
director, North Carolina Agromedicine Institute; project manager, AgriSafe Network of North Carolina, Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. 1.
    1. Fetsch RJ
    Farm/ranching-stressful occupations. Farm stress fact sheet FS-282. North Dakota State University Extension Service Web site. http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/yf/famsci/fs282.pdf. April 2009. Accessed June 11, 2012.
  2. 2.
    1. Freeman SA,
    2. Schwab CV,
    3. Jiang Q
    Quantifying stressors among Iowa farmers. J Agric Saf Health. 2008;14(4):431-439.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  3. 3.
    1. Swisher RR,
    2. Elder GH Jr.,
    3. Lorenz FO,
    4. Conger RD
    The long arm of the farm: how an occupation structures exposure and vulnerability to stressors across role domains. J Health Soc Behav. 1998;39(1);72-89.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  4. 4.
    1. Fraser CE,
    2. Smith KB,
    3. Judd F,
    4. Humphreys JS,
    5. Fragar LJ,
    6. Henderson A
    Farming and mental health problems and mental illness. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2005;51(4):340-349.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  5. 5.
    1. Thoits PA
    Stress and health: major findings and policy implications. J Health Soc Behav. 2010;51(suppl):S41-S53.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  6. 6.
    1. Bak CK,
    2. Tanggaard Andersen P,
    3. Bacher I,
    4. Draghiciu Bancila D
    The association between socio-demographic characteristics and perceived stress among residents in a deprived neighbourhood in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2012;22(6):787-792.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  7. 7.
    1. Grant N,
    2. Hamer M,
    3. Steptoe A
    Social isolation and stress-related cardiovascular, lipid, and cortisol responses. Ann Behav Med. 2009;37(1);29-37.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  8. 8.
    1. Johnson EO,
    2. Kamilaris TC,
    3. Chrousos GP,
    4. Gold PW
    Mechanisms of stress: a dynamic overview of hormonal and behavioral homeostasis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1992;16(2):115-130.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  9. 9.
    1. Donham KJ,
    2. Thelen A
    1. Donham KJ,
    2. Thelin A
    Psychosocial conditions in agriculture. In: Donham KJ, Thelen A, eds. Agricultural Medicine: Occupational and Environmental Health for the Health Professions. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing; 2006:281-301.
  10. 10.
    1. Habib KE,
    2. Gold PW,
    3. Chrousos GP
    Neuroendocrinology of stress. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2001;30(3):695-728;vii-viii.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  11. 11.
    1. Sauter S,
    2. Murphy L,
    3. Colligan M, et al.
    Stress . . . at Work. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health & Human Services (DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH); n.d. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 99-101. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/99-101/pdfs/99-101.pdf. Accessed September 27, 2014.
  12. 12.
    1. Kiecolt-Glaser JK,
    2. Preacher KJ,
    3. MacCallum RC,
    4. Atkinson C,
    5. Malarkey WB,
    6. Glaser R
    Chronic stress and age-related increases in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(15):9090-9095.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  13. 13.
    1. Gregoire A
    The mental health of farmers. Occup Med. 2002;52(8);471-476.
    OpenUrlAbstract
  14. 14.
    1. Thelin A,
    2. Stiernström EL,
    3. Holmberg S
    Psychosocial conditions and access to an occupational health service among farmers. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2000;6(3):208-214.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  15. 15.
    1. Hossain D,
    2. Gorman D,
    3. Eley R,
    4. Coutts J
    Value of mental health first aid training of advisory and extension agents in supporting farmers in rural Queensland. Rural Remote Health. 2010;10(4):1593.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  16. 16.
    1. Guiney R
    Farming suicides during the Victorian drought: 2001-2007. Aust J Rural Health. 2012;20(1):11-15.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  17. 17.
    1. Arnautovska U,
    2. McPhedran S,
    3. De Leo D
    A regional approach to understanding farmer suicide rates in Queensland. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2014;49(4):593-599. doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0777-9.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  18. 18.
    1. Gunderson P,
    2. Donner D,
    3. Nashold R,
    4. Salkowicz L,
    5. Sperry S,
    6. Wittman B
    The epidemiology of suicide among farm residents or workers in five North Central states, 1980-1988. Am J Prev Med. 1993;9(suppl 1):26-32.
    OpenUrl
  19. 19.
    1. Kidd P,
    2. Scharf T,
    3. Veazie M
    Linking stress and injury in the farming environment: a secondary analysis of qualitative data. Health Educ Q. 1996;23(2);224-237.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  20. 20.
    1. Taattola K,
    2. Rautiainen RH,
    3. Karttunen JP, et al.
    Risk factors for occupational injuries among full-time farmers in Finland. J Agric Saf Health. 2012;18(2):83-93.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  21. 21.
    1. Lunner Kolstrup C,
    2. Kallioniemi M,
    3. Lundqvist P,
    4. Kymäläinen HR,
    5. Stallones L,
    6. Brumby S
    International perspectives on psychosocial working conditions, mental health, and stress of dairy farm operators. J Agromedicine. 2013;18(3):244-255. doi:10.1080/105992 4X.2013.796903.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  22. 22.
    1. Welke CK
    Farmers/Ranchers: Stressors, Help-Seeking, and Job Satisfaction [master’s thesis]. Vermillion, SD: University of South Dakota; 2002.
  23. 23.
    1. Kallioniemi MK,
    2. Simola AJ,
    3. Kymäläinen HR,
    4. Vesala HT,
    5. Louhelainen JK
    Stress among Finnish farm entrepreneurs. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2008;15(2):243-249.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  24. 24.
    1. Booth NJ,
    2. Lloyd K
    Stress in farmers. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2000;46(1):67-73.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  25. 25.
    1. Firth HM,
    2. Williams SM,
    3. Herbison GP,
    4. McGee RO
    Stress in New Zealand farmers. Stress Health. 2007;23(1):51-58. doi:10.1002/smi.1119.
    OpenUrl
  26. 26.
    1. Deary IJ,
    2. Willock J,
    3. McGregor MJ
    Stress in farming. Stress Med. 1997;13(2);131-136.
    OpenUrl
  27. 27.
    1. Dembe AE,
    2. Erickson JB,
    3. Delbos RG,
    4. Banks SM
    The impact of overtime and long work hours on occupational injuries and illnesses: new evidence from the United States. Occup Environ Med. 2005;62(9):588-597. doi:10.1136/oem.2004.016667.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  28. 28.
    North Carolina Department of Commerce, Labor and Economic Analysis Division. North Carolina’s December [2012] County and Area Employment Figures Released. January 30, 2013. http://www.ncesc1.com/pmi/rates/PressReleases/County/NR_December2012_CntyRates_M.pdf. Accessed July 13, 2013.
  29. 29.
    US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Unemployment rates for states. Monthly rankings, seasonally adjusted, November 2012. BLS Web site. http://www.bls.gov/lau/#tables. Accessed December 12, 2012.
  30. 30.
    Center for Health Systems Research and Development (CHSRD), East Carolina University. Regional health status: 29-county eastern North Carolina compared to rest of state. CHSRD Web site. http://www.ecu.edu/cs-dhs/chsrd/RegionalHealthStatus/29RegHealthStatus_ENC_Compared_2011.cfm. Accessed September 20, 2012.
  31. 31.
    North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics (SCHS). 2010 BRFSS [Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System] topics for North Carolina: healthy days. SCHS Web site. http://www.schs.state.nc.us/schs/brfss/2010/nc/all/topics.html#hd. Accessed April 16, 2012.
  32. 32.
    US Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2007 Census of Agriculture: North Carolina State and County Data. Vol. 1, Geographic Area Series, Part 33. AC-07-A-33. Washington, DC: USDA; 2009. http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Carolina/ncv1.pdf. Accessed September 29, 2014.
  33. 33.
    1. Lilley S,
    2. Collender RN,
    3. Schulman MD,
    4. Lloyd JH
    North Carolina Farm Survey. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University; 1987. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED293678.pdf. Accessed September 29, 2014.
  34. 34.
    1. Welke CK
    Farm/Ranch Stressors and the Distress and Job Satisfaction of Farm Family Members: The Buffering Effects of Perceived Social Support [dissertation]. Vermillion, SD: University of South Dakota; 2004.
  35. 35.
    1. Eberhardt BJ,
    2. Pooyan A
    Development of the farm stress survey: factorial structure, reliability, and validity. Educ Psychol Measure. 1990;50:393-402.
    OpenUrl
  36. 36.
    1. Ide BA,
    2. Carson D,
    3. Araquistain M
    Development of a farm/ranch stress scale. Online J Rural Community Psychology. 1997;E1. http://www.marshall.edu/jrcp/vole1/vol_e1_1/Ide_etal.html. Accessed September 29, 2014.
  37. 37.
    1. Thomas MR
    Psychometric Validation of the Farm Ranch Stress Inventory [master’s thesis]. Vermillion, SD: University of South Dakota; 2011.
  38. 38.
    1. Miller JA,
    2. Kearney GD,
    3. Proescholdbell SK
    Surveillance of injuries in eastern North Carolina following Hurricane Irene using emergency department data. N C Med J. 2013;74(4):272-278.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  39. 39.
    1. Kuo CJ,
    2. Tang HS,
    3. Tsay CJ,
    4. Lin SK,
    5. Hu WH,
    6. Chen CC
    Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among bereaved survivors of a disastrous earthquake in Taiwan. Psychiatr Serv. 2003;54(2):249-251.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  40. 40.
    1. Morgan L,
    2. Scourfield J,
    3. Williams D,
    4. Jasper A,
    5. Lewis G
    The Aberfan disaster: 33-year follow-up of survivors. Br J Psychiatry. 2003;182:532-536.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  41. 41.
    1. McMillen C,
    2. North C,
    3. Mosley M,
    4. Smith E
    Untangling the psychiatric comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder in a sample of flood survivors. Compr Psychiatry. 2002;43(6):478-485.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  42. 42.
    1. Galea S,
    2. Nandi A,
    3. Vlahov D
    The epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder after disasters. Epidemiol Rev. 2005;27:78-91.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  43. 43.
    1. Fried BJ,
    2. Domino ME,
    3. Shadle J
    Use of mental health services after Hurricane Floyd in North Carolina. Psychiatr Serv. 2005;56(11):1367-1373.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  44. 44.
    US Department of Health & Human Services (DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH). Worker Safety on the Farm. Atlanta, GA: NIOSH; 2010. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-137. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-137/pdfs/2010-137.pdf. Accessed October 1, 2014.
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

North Carolina Medical Journal: 75 (6)
North Carolina Medical Journal
Vol. 75, Issue 6
November-December 2014
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on North Carolina Medical Journal.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Stressors Among Farmers in Eastern North Carolina
(Your Name) has sent you a message from North Carolina Medical Journal
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the North Carolina Medical Journal web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
4 + 11 =
Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4.
Citation Tools
A Cross-Sectional Study of Stressors Among Farmers in Eastern North Carolina
Gregory D. Kearney, Ann P. Rafferty, Lauren R. Hendricks, Daniel Landon Allen, Robin Tutor-Marcom
North Carolina Medical Journal Nov 2014, 75 (6) 384-392; DOI: 10.18043/ncm.75.6.384

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
A Cross-Sectional Study of Stressors Among Farmers in Eastern North Carolina
Gregory D. Kearney, Ann P. Rafferty, Lauren R. Hendricks, Daniel Landon Allen, Robin Tutor-Marcom
North Carolina Medical Journal Nov 2014, 75 (6) 384-392; DOI: 10.18043/ncm.75.6.384
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Behavioral Health Issues of NC Farmers: What Can't be Fixed with Tape and Twine
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Mental Health and Substance Use Among Patients in a North Carolina HIV Clinic
  • Oral Health in North Carolina
  • Impact of North Carolina’s Motorcycle Helmet Law on Hospital Admissions and Charges for Care of Traumatic Brain Injuries
Show more Articles

Similar Articles

About & Contact

  • About the NCMJ
  • Editorial Board
  • Feedback

Info for

  • Advertisers
  • Authors
  • Reviewers
  • Subscribers

Articles & Alerts

  • Archive
  • Current Issue
  • Get Alerts
  • Upcoming Articles

Additional Content

  • Current NCIOM Task Forces
  • NC Health Data & Resources
  • NCIOM Blog
North Carolina Medical Journal

ISSN: 0029-2559

© 2022 North Carolina Medical Journal

Powered by HighWire